Euonyminum

DbScrH'TION. — Eiionymia ia the active principle of Eiiotiymiis Atropurpu- reus, which ia deBeriiwd in the " Sjmptomatoiogy," page 293.

Pkbpabation. — Tnluraliona.

Ko ajatematie proving of Euonymin haa yet been made, and in lieu of a proving I aabmit an article, which appeared in the New York Medical Times, for September, 1881.

A proving of EluonyniiiB EaropKus can be found in Yoliime X, of AHen'a EncydopcEdia of Maleiia Medica.

" Before entering upon the subject-matter of fhia paper, the writer desires to call attention ta the yalnable work recently issued, entitled 'An Eiperimenial Eesearch. on the Physiological Action of Drnga on the Secretion of Bile,' by William Euliierford, M.D., F.K.S. Edinburgh : 18S0. Dr. Rutherford, aided by his two pupila, Vign 1 and Dodd entered upon the experiments which are detailed in this volume w h a d te nunation to Bscertain the exact value of eertwn drugs suppoaec fin h aeeretion of bile.

After showing that

clinical experience ia V rv n n w h and previous experiments not wliolly leJiable, they decided to d p he wing improved plan of experimenta-

tion. Briefly, it was as w

" ' The ilog was selet ed 1 Bee he siie of the common bile duct ren- ders it possible to introduce a canula with an orifice sufficiently iorge to pre- vent its being blocked up by particles of inepiEsated mucus from the gall-bladder, 2? For the reason that its digestion resembles that of man, insomuch as its Bloroach becomes empty when the process is completed

" 'The selection of the dog has proved fortunate, for the results of our ex- periments are in complete harmony with every perfectly ascertained fact regarding the action of medicinal agents on the human liver, and prove that the liver of this animal is affected in the same sense — although it may not be in the same rfi^rec— by substances that act on the human liver. All the cxperi- raents have been performed on animals of the same Bpecies, placed as nearly as possible under similar conditions; the results are fiiirly comparable; although it muat be home in mind that, joat as no two members of the human species can, even in their normal condition, be regarded as equally suscieptible to the infiuence of any medicinal agent, neither can any two members of the canine species be held to possess identical ausceptibilities. All the animals had a full meal of lean meat at (bree or four o'clock in the afternoon, and the experiment fim begun between nine and ten o'clock on the following morning, so that the digestion and absorption o£ the food was completed, and the animal was there- fore in a fasting condition.

"'This was an essential preliminary; for, as is well known, the secretion of bile is accelerated during the process of digestion ; and had we taken the amount of bile secreted per hour during digestion, as an index of the activity of the liver previous to the administration of a drug, our experiments would necessarily have been worthless. The disturbii^ effect of irregular muscular movements upon the biliary flow was prevented by ii^ectlng into a vein amall

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686 EUONYMtN.

doses of Garare, repeated at interTals, wKen the motor paralysis which it in- duces became too slight. In consequence of the Oui-are palsy, artificial respira- tion was had recourse to, and raainCained at regular intervals thrnughoat the whole experiment. CWoro/orm was used during the preliminary operation in two cases, hut the stimulation of the liverwhich it induced rendered the experi- ments worthless. On the other hand, we have abundantly proved tliat the doses of Oarare, administered in the following eiperiments, have no influence on the biliary secretion, and do not interfere with the efiects of hepatic stimu- lants.

It is therefore an exceedingly valuable auxiliary in a research of this

'"The metliod of experiment we adopted was always that of a temporary bUiary fistula. Through an opening in the linea alba, a glass camila was in- serted into the common bile duct, near its junction with the duodenum, and tied therein. To the end of the eanula projecting from the abdomen a short caout- chouc tube was attached, and to the free end of this a short glass tube, drawn to a narrow aperture, so that the bile might drop.from il, as Rohrig (Op. VI.) had recommended.

The gali-bladder was then compressed, in order to fill the whole tubing with bile, and the cystic duct was clamped to prevent its return to the gall-bladder, and 80 compel all the bile secreted by the liver to flow through the eanula. The wound in the abdominal wall was then carefully closed, and in all save the earliest experiments the animal was thoroughly cov- ered with cotton-wool, in order to quickly restore it to its normal temperature; and, guided by a thermometer in (he abdominal cavity, great care was taken to keep the temperature normal — a matter of no smaU importance ; for if the lefh- perature fall several degrees, the liver secretes more slowly.

" ' The respiration requires to be maintained with regularity, otherwise the biliary fiow is rendered somewhat unequal by irregular diaphragmatic compres- sion of the liver. Moreover, if the respiration be deficient, the secretion of bile is always diminished. Some of the slight oscillations observable in the charts of the biliary secretion in these experiments are probably owing to variations in the respiration; for in the earlier eiperiments we were obliged to have the respiratory bellows moved by hand, and this is never so regular as a machine. Notwithstanding this, however, the main results of these experiments are per fectly clear.

" ' Until it is atteiupted, one might suppose that this mode of experiment ia extremely simple, but it is by no means so simple as it appears. It is needful to manipulate the abdominal viscera with great care, and to avoid all dragging at the bile-duct; otherwise the secretion of bile becomes so irregular that the experiment may he useless. The eanula most be very carefully retained in a position which will permit its moving with the diaphragm, but will prevent it from twisting the duct, and thus impeding the exit of the bile by forming a valve at its orifice.

"'Rohrig estimated the velocity of the biliary secretion by counting Ibe sec- onds-that elapsed between the fail of the drops from the orifice of the tube. A single trial convinced us that this method is extremely laborious, and leads to inaccurate results, because it does not permit of continuous observations for aay

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length of lime. Variations in secretion often occur independently of the ad- ministration of any substance, and it is impossible lo estimate their significance, and malte due allowance for them, unlefs the method of continuoiw collection of the bile be adopted. Moreover, we soon found that the degree of viscosity of the bile caused a variation in the size of the drops, and, therefore, in the interrals between their fall. We therefore abandoned this for the more accu- rate method of allowing the bile to Sow into a iine cubic centimeter measure and recording the quantity secreted every quarter of an hour.

In addition to constant collection of tlie bile, this method has the great advantage of permit- ting a graphic representation of the results.'

"The experiments are illustrated by cuts showing the rise or fall of the bile current. They are similar to those cuts used lo illustrate the rise and fall of human temperature in fevers. I append one of the cuts, — showing the tracings, — illustrating the action of Euonymin on the liver, also the text explaining the experiment.

" ' Expirimffni 28. — Dog that had fasled twenty-four hours. Weight, 23.3 kilo- (jrammes. The unosually long fast resulted from the animal having refused to lake food on Ihe afternoon of the day preceding the experiment. It was prob- ably owing lo this circumstance that the secretion of bile was so low at the be- ginning of the experiment.

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688 EUON'YMIN.

'"Autopsy. — -Stomaeh contracted, mucona membrane normal. The " Eno- nyniin " had extended along about a third of the amall intestine. The macoua membrane of the upper third was extremely vascular. Mucous flakee were scattered over the surface, and the whole appearance of the membrane re- minded as of the efiecla of Podophjilin.

But notwithstanding the very obvi- oua irritation, the intestine at this part contained only a emnll quantity of watery fluid. The remainder of the intestine was dry and contracted, without any signs of irritation.

" ' Reavli) of Eiperimeats vriih " Euonymin." — I. Five graina of " Euonymin," when mixed with a small quantity of boiling water and placed in the duode- Duu, powerfully stimulated the liver. The analysis of the bile secreted before and after ''Euonymin" was lost. 2. Coincident with the marked action of tiie liver there was only slight increase of intestinal secretion.

Seeing that Mr. Clothier found " Euonymin" to be an active purgative in the human subject, these experiments suggest that the purgative effect may be chiefly due to in- creased secretion of bile. At any rate these eiperimentfl clearly show that this substance is worthy of receiving far greater attention in practical medicine than it has done hitherto.'

"These experiments, which were carried out with great labor and Bcientific exactness, will be of infinite value to physicians of all schools, but more espe- cially to those who recognize the law of SimUia as the universal law of cure. Those also who understand the true ' Law of Dose,' as deduced from the pri- mary and secondary actions of drugs, will be greatly aided in their preseiip- tions of these hepatic remedies,

" Eutherford records some facts which prove conclusively that these hepatic ■ drugs have a double action, the one exactly opposed to the other, namely: (!) That, whereaa small, or medium doses always produced a physiological increase of bile-How, massive doses decreased or completely arrested the secretion of bile. {2) That when a drug produced active increase of the intestinal secretioua, it decreased the secretion of bile. (3) That the primary increase of bile was often followed by a corresponding suspension of the secretion for a longer or shorter period. These observations are in accordance with my teachings regarding the pathogenetic actions of medicines, and from which 1 deduce the following axiom relating to the selection of the dose; (!) When the symptoms of a dis- order resemble the primary action of a drug, prescribe that drug in the smallest rational dose.

" ItluUration The primary action of Pudophyllin was found to cause an in- crease of the secretion and flow of bile of a thin character, with colic, nausea, and irritation of the intestinal mucous membrane, especially the colon and rec- tum, with congestion and inflammation of the liver. For this condition the dose should not be below tie 3x trit. or dU., if we desire prompt curative ac- tion. TJie seeondary sctioa of Fodopkyllin causes constipation, with arrested or retarded secretion of bile, with jaundice, hepatic enlargement, etc., or profuse choleraic discharges, with suppressed biliary secretion.

For this condition the drug must be prescribed in more appreciable, yet small doses, as the jjj, ^ij, s^i sV> "r ]>;, of a grdn (I mean enough of the Ix or 2x trit, to make either of the above-mentioned doses), repeated at suitable iutervak.

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EUOKYMIN. 689

"The law of dose will apply to all the hepatic remediea whose primary and secondary action is similar to that mentioned above. Tliere are Bome flriigB which cause hepatic symploms in a reverse order.

As regards the relative power of the drugs experimented with by Dr. Eiither- 'ord It la eiceedingly interesting to compare their action by consulting the following list of indigenous drugs, which I copy from the monograph. The drags ire mentioned in the order of their relative inherent power: Podophyllin per cent, of bUe above normal,

, 0.42 0,33 Phitoliccin ' " '• >' ... 0.16

HydiTstin ' " " " ... 0.38

JugUndin ' " " « ... 0,40

Leptandn i i. ^i n

"The table shows that PodophyUia caused the greatest amount of bile dis- charged during a given time ; but the doses were larger than the doses of Euo- nymin, although the former is a very much more powerful drug. So with other drugs ; they seem to show a higher degree of power, bat, considering the rela- tive potency of all the drugs (I mean the inherent power per grain) as dis- turbers of the general ayalem, the Evwiymin may be considered the most powerful in its pure, specific action, and in its influence over the secretion and expulsion of bile from the liver.

"It is interesting to notetlie different behavior of the discharge of bile under the influence of ttese dnigs. Some cause a steady, continuous flow; others a. rapid powerful ' spurt,' or high rise in the tracing; while a few cause an in- termittent discharge. The latter two peculiarities are especially noticeable in the case of Eiionymia. The above tracing beautifully illustrates the effect of Muoaymin on the secretion of bile.

Note the sudden high rise, then (he sliglit arrest, followed by the still higher rise, and the intermittent flow during the- gradual decrease. Another interesting feature in. this proving is, that, on post- - mortem, the upper third of the mucous membrane of the smoU intestines— in the two esperiroentB— was found to be highly tasewlor, and covered with Bakes, of mucus, while the lower two-thirds was di-y. In theeirperimenls with Pod/f- phyllin, 'the mucous membrane of the stomach and whole length of the small intestines was intensely red, and contained a large qaantity of fluid ; in another case the mucous membrane of the duodenum was intensely vascular.' This is what we might deduce from the provings of that drug, judging from, the symptoms in our Materia Medica.

OLIHrCAI, OBSBBVATIONS.

" We have no provings of Eaonymin made in the usual manner of our school; Eclectic autliorities have recorded that in doses of one-half drachm (gss) iti causes ' nausea, vomiting, and purging.' Dr. Payne says the same dose taken- by hiin caused 'all the symptoms of cholera morbus.' In the Encj/dopcedia-o/

a

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690 EUONYMIN,

Materia Medica is a case reported of a man wlio took 18 seeds of tlie Eaonymut European one evening, and 18 the following morning. ' He was seized with frightfui abdominal pains and proftise diarrhoea, eventnaliy bloodv. He waa not seen till evening, when he was in a slate of profonnd collapse, with involnn- tary evaeoatiouB of b!nod and mocus. On lifting him np, tetanic convulsions were induced, which immediately preceded death' Kinifs Disp. records that the seeds of the Emmymui Atnerkanui are a violent emetic and purgative.

The seeds ore doabtless more powerful than the bark, but the crude tinctnre or in- fusion of the baik is a powerful drug, for the following symptoms are recorded in my Sjfmptotnalolo^ of New Remedies, and were collected from various sources, namely : ' Deathly sickness of the stomach, with perspiration and heat in face ; violent catharsis wilh deathlike nausea ; excessive tormina, prostration and cold sweats ; evacuations violent, profuse, with much Satns.' It is true that large doses of Che Eiionymin would cause all tliese violent symptoms, but I think that in the pi'ocess of separating the so-called active principle, from the crude bark, much of the acrid and irritating property is eliminated.

The same occurs with other drags, e. g., Qainine. The taaCeof i'liiJiiymiiihas nothing about it remind- ing one of the pungent, acrid, and burning taste of the mother tinctures or the powdered bark. Eutherford suggests that if EvoTiymin causes pui^tion, it does so by causing a profiiaejhw of bUe, which is a powerful purgative- This may be true of Eaonymin, but I believe the crude bark or tincture has, aside from its cholagogue effect, an irritant action on the small intestines of tlie same nntureaa Podophyllum, but not in the same degree.

I have used the 2x and 3i dilution of tincture of Eium^in, in profitse and painful diarrhcca and cholera morbus and cholera in&ntum, and find it er[ual to Podoph. or Verai. alb. Ecleclio authorities claim that ^Wn^in ts very useful and efficient in the same afiection, but my experience with it in such conditions is limited to a few cases. In another class of disorders, howevtr, I have, during the last few years, used the lower triturations of Eiiotiymm, w ith unqualified success, and I have selected it homoeopath ically, busing mj selection on its one physio-pathological symptom, namely, a profuse and irregnlar Jiow of bile (primary) followed by its natural sequence — a, ecanly or mippressed secrrfi'on of bile.

" Bilioasnfss Tliis condition, so well known to the laity as well as the physi- . dan, is characterized by such symptoms as general midaiee, a yellow or brown tongue, bitter or coppery taste in the mouth, headache, generally frontal, worse in the morning, or sometimes occipital, vertigo, dark spots before tlie eyes, disin- clination for mental or physical labor, dark urine, constipation, or loose fecal, offensive evacuations, and muddy completion. These symptoms are usually treated by homceopathisls with Nax vom., Bry., Merc, or Podoph.

By the allo- pathic school with Blue Mass, or Calomd, followed by bitter-water, or some saline purge. Both methods are palliative, but not completely curative. The former method is by far the best. But I have had better success with Emmymin than with any other remedy.

I find a few grains of the Ix trit. three times a day amply sufficient. After forty-eight hours, if the bowels do not move nor- mally and the tongue is cleaning, I advise two or three ounces of bitter-water in the morning before breakfast, I use the Is trit. because this condition sim-

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EUONYMIN. 691

ulates the seMiwJoj'j effects o! ETiimymin. Fer coj!(ra,if the patient has ayellow- igh-white tongue, some nausea and giipjng in the bowele, with loose jellow or greenish stools, which burn the recttim, the 6x or 6x is proscribed, because these syinptoma show an increased secretion and expulsion of bile, Ihus simulating the priiaaTy effect of Eaimymin. In children of all agea, who are especially prone to this form of bUiousness, or bilious diarrhcea witli congestion and irrita- tion of the small intestines, Eturaymia 6x trlt. acts more promptly and happily than any other drag, unless some epecial symptoms indicate Merc, Duk., Irh, or Podoph.

It is a notable feet, which any physician can verify, that if he pre- scribes Euon^in lo his bilious patienis to whom he has usually given Nux, Bry., Merc., Podoph., or Iris, he will find that nearly all will testify that they prefer Euowsmii to any of the aboye, for they soon recognize its prompt, happy action, and its excellent effect upon their condition, especially in its power of restoring normal appetite and digestion. Many of my readers will recollect the cases of Allmminuria reported by Dr.

W. H. Holcombe, and incorporated in (he last edition of Therapeutics nf New Eemtdies. The curative effects were bril- liant, and the drug selected solely on account of its power over the secretion of hilo.

" Referring to the hepatic and intestinal disorders of children, it must be re- membered that the Jiver is much larger and more irritable in the very young than at any other age. Ejionymin is, pur excelleaee, the panacea of these dis- orders in children. But it must be used intelligently and in accordance with my law of dose, when it will act most happily. There are three conditions char- aiiterized by peculiar symptoms in which it is indicated.

"1. In children, especially in summer, when the bowels are disordered — the passages green, yellow, or oliye-oolored, colic, nausea, vomiting of bile, or food mixed with bile, some fever, loss of appetite, indigestion, especially of milk, languor and stupor, with pale, yellow, or earthy complexion — no remedy with which I am acquainted acts so favorably on this stale as Enanymin, from tlie Sx to the 6k trituration, frequently repeated. It is possible the higher triturations may be elBcacious, but I have never tried them.

" 2. Every one who has had much to do with gastro-intestinal diseases of children have observed the peculiarly variable appearance of the stools and vomit. 'No two passages are alike' is the common report of the nurse. At one time they are green, then white, then watery or yellow, and the vomit just the same. FvkatiUa. is said to be indicated for this, but I have succeeded bel- ter with Euonymin 3x trit.

I believe this variability to be due to an irregular secretion and expulsion of bile, and for this Rutherford's experiments show Eaom/miii to be the similimum. In very young ciiildren the 3s trit. repeated in one grain doses every three hours, changes the character of the stools to a nor- mal color and consistency. In older patients the 2x is required.

" 3. In children or adults there often occurs the following group of symptoms : After a sudden attack of vomiting and purging of bilious matters— sometimes, however, without this first stage — we find the stools clay-colored, while, grav or watery and colorless, and v;ry offensive ; there is some gagging or nausea, the nrine is high-colored, strong-smelling andcoutainsbile; thefoodisnotdigested;

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692 EUOSYMIS.

ihere is great prostration ; the complexion is sallow or jaundiced, and Ihe ex- pression dull and listless. Here the hepatic cetls fail to eliminate biliary mat- ters from Che blood, and it seeks outlets through Che skin and kidneys. Oflen the brain is poisoned and we have marked bila^mia. Menioie acid has often done me good serrice in these cases, but I have found the Ix trit. of Enowymifa to act more satis&ctorilj.

This condition is such a one as we might expecC would arise from an overstimulation of the liver with large doses of Euonymin, a reaction or secondary effecL Consequently the law of dose calls for the lowest trituration or material doses. In the jaundice of adults dne to

"4 Biliary (McuU or ConarUiona, the solid consCituenla of the bile are in excess. If such constituents are crjBtallizable we have (hkidi, if not, we have concreCions in tlie form of tarry, lough baJls, often in great numbers. The in- dications of treatment are to increase the fluid portion of the bile, making it thinner, and thus dissolving (he solid matttei's, or waBhing them out of the gall- bladder. After they have formed, and obstruct the gall-duct, the use of large doses of Olive Oil will aid in their expulsion ; but we should at the same time give hepatic remedies which thin the bile.

Ghdidonium, is the chief remedy for this condition, although Rutherford says Podoph., Iridin, and nearly all the drugs he .experimented with have this effecC. I believe Eaanymin has this effect eqnally with Chdid., although, unfortunately, the analysis of the bile, after the use of Eu/mymin, was lost, I think I have prevented . the formation of biliary calculi in many cases, by the use of both Ghelid., and Euonymin, with greater certainly than any other medicine. But we do not geC good effects with doses higher than the Ix or ^ trituration in material quantities repeated every three

" 5. Malarious IHseasei In true malarious disorders, notably those which cause intermittent, the poison in the blood paralyzes the hepatic cells. It often primarily irritates thera, causing them to secrete an abnormally acrid bile, which results in bilious vomiting and catharsis.

After this always comes pare- sis, with a whole train of symptoms, such as occur under blliemia. Careful ob- servers are aware that so long as this ' bilious' condition exists it is impossible to core the ague or fever, but as soon as thelongne clears, and the stools become normal, the feveriseasilysnbduedorthe paroxysm arrested. This fact accounts for the ill success of the unscientific treatment of both schools ; the old with their routine of Quinine; theme™ with the fruitless chase for the specific in each case.

While engaged in practice in the State of Michigan, when four- fifths of all my eases were malarious fever, I observed that the country people used an infusion or a maceration of the bark of the " Wahoo" {Eaanymus) in whiskey as a remedy for ague. It certainly succeeded after all other dniga fMled, especially after the abuse of Quinine, lor ^insiw injures the liver as seri- ously and in a similar manner to malaria. Taking the hint from this domestic practice I used to give the tincture of the bark in appreciable doses, in alterna- tion with homceopathic anti- periodic remedies, and with satisfactory results.

I would advise those who have to deal with miasmatic, intermittent, or remittent fevers, that they give Euonymin \\ trit. doses of 2 grs. every two hours, until Che tongue cleans and the secretions boeome normal. Then, and not till then, leleet the simHiitvam for the paroxysms, namely; Qainine, Artenicwm, C'eiJron.

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FUCUS VESICUL0SU8. 6\)A

Gelseminum, Ahionia, or one of llie few antiperiodic remedies in our Materia Medica.

" This plan wUl insuro success, and we shall escape the opprobrium of allow- ing our patients lo pass out of our hands into those of the Philistines, or their own resort to the ahuso of Qiiinine,

"G. Dy^epsia This protean disorder, depending as it does upon a great many pathological conditions of the elomach, liver, ind nervous system, needs for its succesEfui treatment a host of medicines, ''('hen, however, it depends upon hepaiie diaorden, as it does in this country iu very many cases, we find in Euonymin its most powerful remedy. The symptoms for which I have found it most useful, are those which usually accompany slow and imperfect digestion, Damely ; sense of unnatural satiety, bloat of the stomach, sour, acrid, or bitter eructations, vomiting or regurgitation of food, headache after eating, sluggish or irregular action of the bowels, foul coated tongue, and bad breath, I usually prescribe two or three grains of a low trituration one hour before each meal.

Its curative action is of(«n generally aided by giving a few grains of Pepsin just before meals. If the digestion is painful — a hard, pressing, aching pain soon after meals — Bismuth Ix, a few grains, instead of Pepain. If the p^n comes on three or four hours after eating give Nvx or Lycop.

" Finally, I use Eitonymin in many other affections due directly or indirectly to hepaticdisorder, but the limilsofthiapapei- will not allow further experience.''

FDOnS VESICDLOSDS.

{Seainntek.)

Descbiptioit.— A perennial seaweed found on the shores of Europe and this

country. The fiond or flat leaf is smooth and glossy, from one to four feet longi

from a half to one inch and a half broad, furnished with a midrib throughout

its length, dichotomous, entire upon the margin, a,nd of a dark olive green color.

PKEPAaATlos. — Tincture and trituration of the dried plant. (Infusion.)

Intolerable headache; forehead feltas if compressed byan iron ring.

* The act of digestion ia no longer accompanied by flushings of

* Flatulency diminishes and then disappears in those who have

been habitually accustomed to it. Obstinate constipation. ° Chronic diarrhcea.

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694 FUCD8 VESICULOSUS.

Urine more abundant, colored, and odorons than usual. It is only after two or three septenaries that the urine becomes more abundant, and begins to present upon its surface a coat- ing or blafib film.

° Chronio cystitis.

° Irritable bladder.

Respiratory Organs.

Sense of suffocation, especially during menses.

° Palpitation of the heart,- with great dyspncea.

Skin of legs and thighs soft and flabby.

° Amenorrhcea with dysmenorrhcea.

" Functional derangement of the menstrual function dependent upon some fault of nutrition, or from plethora or excessive obesity. {° Scanty menses.)

Lost upwards of five pounds weight, without any change in hab- its or diet, or experiencing any inconvenience from the use of the remedy. Diminution of thirty pounds in weight. The resolvent properties are manifested, and the first inti- mations of becoming thinner are displayed from the period when the urine is affected.

The thinness is not always produced in a uniform manner. I have seen it limited to isolated parts, which are, then, almost always those where the fatty tissue accumulate'^ in the great- est abundance, thus, with one it is in the chest, with another in the abdomen, with a third in the nape of the neck and upper part of the shoulders.

* Emaciation.

° Debility. Malnutrition. Enlarged glands,

° Not a reducer of adipose tissue in the healthy subject. For cold, torpid, individuals, with cold, clammy skin, loose and flabby rolls of fat, pendulous beliy.

° The plant is beneficial for lean people to use to make them fat and plump.

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GBNTIANA. QUISQUEFLOKA — GHIXDELIA EOBUSTA. C95

GENTIANA QUINQtlEFLORA.

Description. — A'member of the order .Geiifimucae. The [ilaiit grows in woods and pastures, flowers in September and October, is found from Vermont to Pennsylvania, and a variety of it is common through the Western States. pKEPARiTiON. — Tincture of the herb.

{No Frovwg.) ° Chronic ague wliere there is debility, and a tendency to relapse. ° Obstinate intermittenta where Quinine and other antiperioclies had failed. Increasing the flow of gastric juice, it is a valu- able remedy for ° Dyspepsia, either primary or secondary. ° Liver affections. Jaundice. ° Headache, periodic.