Carduus Marianus

Silyhum Marianum Craertno. Compositcp..

Radix, Herba et Semen Cardui Mariae in use since olden times. Re- vived by Rademacher in 1848.

A very complete history and some symptoms given by Reil (Clotar Mil- ler's Quarterly, Vol. 3, p. 453, 1852) ; proved by Lembke {Zeit. fiir Klin., Vol. 6, p. 18) ; a most excellent proving by Dr. Bnchmann [Allg. Zeit. fur Horn., Vol. 98, 1879), the same who has shown by his microscopic investi- gations his great superiority as a scientific man, and the discoverer of the solubility of all metals and other substances, presupposed by Hahnemann.

^Mind. 1 Forgets what he has just intended to do.

Sadness with tendency to weep.

I Fullness in head with disposition to become angry. ^ Inner Head. I Sensation of fullness and heaviness in head.

Pressing pain on inner surface of skull, in region of coronal suture.

■ Pressure in forehead, most marked directly over eyes. I I Pressing pain in occiput.

Transient headache in forehead and temples. Pressive headache, as in incipient coryza. Headache shortly before meals, disappearing after eating. * Outer Head. Tensive pressure in scalp, as if constricted around

skull. Fullness of head, with tensive pain in scalp, over left parietal

bone.

■ Feeling of constriction over eyebrows. I I Pain in left parietal bone. Drawing pain in scalp of occiput. Great sensitiveness of head to cold.

® Sight and Eyes, l l Burning and pressure in eyeballs.

Pressure in eyeballs as if they were pressed against side of

orbits. Pain in right eye. Redness of conjunctiva.

I I Burning sensation in edges of upper and lower lids. I I Pressive, burning sensation in eyelids, with swelling and heaviness of same ; more especially in left eye, which can with difficulty be opened. 1 I Pressure over left eye. Pain in orbits.

375 CARDUUS MARIANUS.

^ Hearing and Ears. Pain in right auricle, in circumference of meatus.

^ Smell and Nose. Loss of smell.

Tickling sensation at outer edge of nostrils.

I I Tickling sensation at first in right, then in left nostril, with

watery discharge. Burning in nostrils.

Burning in right nostril, with watery discharge from same. Epistaxis. * Upper Face. Sensation of heat in face.

Complexion dirty or florid. ^° Teeth and Gums. Drawing pains in carious teeth.

A hollow tooth is painful to contact of tongue. ^^ Taste and Tongue. Whitish coating of middle of tongue, with redness of edges. Metallic taste, constricting palate and pharynx. I Bitter taste in mouth.

Soups salted as usual tasted insipid ; at other times well salted food is repugnant. ^^ Inner Mouth. I l Collection of water in mouth. ^3 Throat. ' l Feeling of roughness and dryness in palate.

I 1 Smooth sensation of mucous membrane of palate, as though

it were covered with fat. Sensation of dryness in palate and on lips. Repeated eructations of air, with burning in oesophagus like

heartburn. Dysphagia. ^'Appetite, Thirst. Desires, Aversions. Smoking, though usually repugnant in evening, is agreeable. I Want of appetite. Voracity.

^^ Hiccough, Belching, Nausea and Vomiting. ^rSour

eructations.

I I Empty eructations, after food taken with aversion.

I Nausea, with collection of water in mouth.

Continual nausea with desire to vomit.

I Intense nausea, painful retching and vomiting of sour, green- ish fluid. ^^ Scrobiculum and Stomach, i i Stitches in scrobiculum.

Pressing pains at pit of stomach.

Drawing pains from 1. to r. through pit of stomach.

I I Contents of stomach and intestines sour. ^Epidemic affec-

tion. Pain in stomach, lasting for two hours, preceded by vomiting.

I I Pressure in stomach: with eructation of air; at night on awakening; lasting all day; coming and disappearing during day.

Sensation of emptiness in stomach, as before meals.

CARDUUS MARIANUS. 376

I Burning in stomach, as of acidity, with transient pressure

in stomach. Stitches in 1. of stomach, worse on inspiration. Uncomfortable sensation in epigastric region. Painful griping in stomach. Colicky pains in stomach, with waterbrash. Hsematemesis ; cardialgia; vomiting of pregnancy; melsena. ^^ Hypochondria, Feeling of fullness in hypochondria, neces- sitating deep inspiration. I Hepatic region sensitive to pressure.

■ Pressure, drawing pain and stitches in hepatic region.

• Sensation of tension and pressure in liver, on lying on 1. side.

Crawling sensation, like passage of a small body size of a pea through a narrow canal, on posterior side of liver from r. to 1., extending to pit of stomach, on a level with border of ribs; repeated three times after a pause of one minute, and lasting three seconds each time.

Feeling of pressure as of flatus, under margin of ribs to 1. last- ing ten minutes, then to r., then to r. more posteriorly, finally posteriorly to left.

Stitching pains in region of spleen, especially on inspiration and stooping.

Liver complaint; icterus; gall-stones.

iPlethora in portal circulation; hyperaemia of liver; catarrh of gall-passages ; sluggish peristalsis in colon.

I Swelling, sensitiveness, and induration of 1. lobe of liver, causing, by compression, respiratory embarrassment, and cough with thick expectoration.

I Dull pain in r. hypochondrium, from time to time, with stitches ; short, dry cough ; difficult breathing ; bitter taste and yel- lowish complexion ; subacute fever. ^Liver complaint.

IB The diseased liver has either already implicated the lungs, showing itself by haemoptysis, as in simple congestion, or as inflammation of liver and lungs ; vomiting of blood. "Abdomen, i Typhlitis.

Painful sensations of an undefined character in abdomen, ne- cessitating deep inspiration, increased by vigorous move- ments of body.

■ Drawing pain between umbilicus and pit of stomach, coming

and going, in peritoneum of abdominal wall, from r. to 1., followed by pain with sensation of heat in a spot as large as a hen's egg, between umbilicus and inguinal region to left.

■ Violent pain in r. side of abdomen, < by pressure, continu-

ing uniform until sleep sets in.

■ Pressing pain in abdomen on r. side, between margin of ribs

and hip, while riding in a carriage, lasting for one hour.

■ Drawing pain in hypogastric region. Pulsation in abdomen.

37T CARDUUS MARIANUS.

■ Awakens with pains in abdomen, near r. hip bone.

I Stitching pain in abdomen, one hand's breadth to 1. of r. hip-

bone.

■ Pressing pain in abdomen tor.; body in a horizontal posi-

tion, with sensation of heat. Drawing pain extending through r. inguinal region. Burning pain in small intestine, in hypogastrium.

I I Sensation of motion in intestines on expiration, extending breadth of a hand around umbilicus.

Pressure with sensation of warmth in small intestine, on 1.

side of abdomen. I Stitches in small intestine, > by pressure. Griping pain in intestines, on 1. side. Painless flatulency in small intestine. Distention of abdomen, especially on r. side. I I Rumbling in small intestine. Violent, painful rumbling in hypogastrium. Cutting pain in bowels, changing from place to place. I 1 Passage of flatus, unusually copious. Ascites ; peritonitis puerperalis ; typhilitis stercorales. ^'^ Stool and Rectum. "Melsena. I Stools now hard, now soft.

I Constipation.

Stool hard and knotty.

I I Stool very hard and insufficient.

Hard stool, followed after an hour by a soft chocolate colored

passage, slightly colored with bile. I Paste-like, clayey stool, without bilious coloring. Sluggish stool. After drinking weissbier, is overcome on the way by the most

violent urging to stool.

■ Burning pain in rectum and anus, which interferes with sit-

ting. ^ Itching in anus.

■ Hemorrhoids, with acidity of stomach and distention of

bowels. Visceral obstruction. ^^ Urinary Organs. ■ Urging to urinate, without necessity of passing water.

■ Pressure on bladder, producing dribbling of urine, after un-

availing urging to stool. Chilliness on awakening, with vigorous urging to urinate, with voiding of only two tablespoonfuls of normally colored urine.

■ Burning at meatus after urination.

■ Burning pain in urethra, with sensation as of swelling of

neighboring parts, compelling her to arise from sitting posture.

CARDUUS MARIANUS. 378

Drawing pain : with burning, sensation in bladder ; in bladder when sitting.

I Awakened bj pain in urethra, with pain in r. lumbar region.

Copious passage of urine of a golden yellow color, with draw- ing sensation in inguinal region.

Drawing sensation in r. side of abdomen during urination.

Copious passage of urine, with deposit of red sediment.

I Urine turbid, golden yellow, and acid.

Urine like whey, yellowish brown, and diminished in quantity.

Urine diminished in quantity ; depositing sediment and con- taining traces of bilious coloring matter.

I Urine scanty; brownish in color, and containing bilious col- oring matter.

Strangury ; calculi. ^^ Male Sexual Organs. ' ' Erection on awakening.

Pressure in urethral portion of glans.

Drawing pains in testicles. ^^ Female Sexual Organs. ■ Menstruation too profuse or sup- pressed.

■ Chronic uterine hemorrhage, with derangement of portal cir-

culation.

Drawing pain in vagina.

Leucorrhoea; amenorrhoea; metrorrhagia. 24 Pregnancy. Parturition. Lactation. Vomiting of preg- nancy.

Agalactia.

■ Simple inflammatory irritation of mammae.

^^ Voice and Larynx. Trachea and Bronchia. Pressing pain in speaking and swallowing, in neighborhood of hyoid bone on 1. side, increased by pressure from without, with sensation of swelling at this point. Sensation of dryness in larynx.

I I Irritation in posterior part of larynx, causing cough.

^^ Respiration. Drawing pain on margin 1. rib, with pain dur- ing breathing; especially during expiration. Stitches at lower margin of ribs, between both linea mammalis,

with each inspiration. Stitches in r. side in neighborhood of seventh rib ; on deep in- spiration and on bending. Stitches on inspiration between linea mammalis and axillaris at sixth rib. ^^ Cough. Sympathetic cough, dry, hacking, < at night.

I I Cough with stitches in sides of chest, and bloody sputa. ^Epidemic affection.

Haemoptysis with frequent dry tickling. Irritation to cough, excited by roughness in fauces. Irritation to cough, on posterior side of larynx.

379 CARDUUS MARIANUS.

Awakened by irritation to cough, behind larynx, with chilli- ness.

Several attacks of short, dry cough, without tickling.

Short, dry cough ; irritation proceeding from throat-pit.

Scraping sensation in throat producing cough.

Cough with gastric symptoms, and painfulness of epigastrium to pressure.

Cough dependent on old hepatic or splenetic troubles.

■ Expectoration: pure blood ; mucus mixed with blood. ^Dis- ease of liver. ^* Inner Chest and Lungs. isPains in chest going to front part, to shoulders, back, loins and abdomen, combined with urging to urinate. ^Epidemic affection.

jrDrawing pains in 1. side of chest.

I I Stitches in side, with fever, cough and spitting of blood, in affections of liver, and jaundiced complexion.

Drawing pains in chest, 1. side ; increased by pressure in stomach.

I I Oppression in 1. side of chest, with pain, especially during deep breathing.

Pleuritis ; chronic bronchial catarrh; phthisis; haemoptysis; asthma. ^^ Heart, Pulse and Circulation. Pain, pressure and stitches in region of heart.

Drawing pain in region of heart, with oppression on deep in- spiration. ^" Outer Chest. Stitching pain at a small spot in neighborhood of sixth rib; in line of axilla to 1., with continued drawing pain; stitching pain passes gradually to front and interferes with inspiration.

Drawing pain on margin 1. rib, with pain during breathing, especially during expiration.

I I Short stitches behind short ribs of 1. side.

Stitching pain extending breadth of a hand over right nipple, on stooping and on raising right arm.

Stitches at margin of lower ribs, between both mammary lines, at each inspiration.

Stitches during inspiration, between mammary and axillary lines on sixth rib.

1 I Drawing pain through 1. pectoral muscle, and 1. intercostal muscles, below axilla.

Drawing pain through r. pectoral muscle- Pressure in r. pectoral muscle.

Stitches from 1. nipple to r. and downward, lasting several seconds.

Stitches in r. side, near the seventh rib, on deep inspiration and on stooping.

I I Continual drawing pain in 1. side of chest, extending to

CARDUUS MARIANUS. 380

axilla, with stitching pain in same place near fifth rib on ex- piration ; <C after deep inspiration.

Drawing sensation from 1. side of chest to back.

Pains extend over entire front of chest, and are so violent as to make motion of arms, walking and stooping, almost im- possible. ^^ Neck and Back. Pressing pain in a spot about size of a small coin in nape of neck to 1., and on a level with the mastoid process ; after a few moments the pain subsides and occurs on corresponding part of r. side.

Pressure in nape of neck.

1 8 Drawing pains in entire back, followed by fatigue.

1 1 Drawing pain on r. side of back, from shoulder-blade to lumbar region, changing locality.

Drawing pains: in muscles of back ; in lumbar region ; in small of back ; on inner margin of r. shoulder-blade; in 1. shoulder- blade.

Pressure in back below shoulder-blades.

Drawing sensation on outer margin of 1. shoulder-blade.

Tearing sensation in 1. shoulder-blade.

Burning and sore pain in region of 1. shoulder-blade, ■< by inspiration, pressure and reclining.

■ Sensitiveness of dorsal and cervical vertebras. ^ Upper Limbs. Bruised feeling in arms.

Pain in shoulder-joint on raising r. arm.

Rheumatic pain in shoulder, radiating from neck.

Pressure in shoulders.

Drawing pain in r. upper arm.

I I Violent pains of a rheumatic character in r. deltoid.

Pains in r. arm are at times so violent that groaning cannot be suppressed.

I I Tearing in 1. upper arm.

Burning pain in skin, on inner side of lower half of 1. fore- arm.

I I Drawing pain in muscles covering 1. radius, alternating with pain in same muscles of r. side.

Cramp-like pain in muscles covering 1. radius.

Pressure in wrist-joints.

Cramp-like, drawing pains, in inner side of r. hand, extend- ing to first two joints of fourth finger.

Burning pain on outer surface of 1. index-finger, in skin.

Rheumatic, drawing sensation, in first joint of fourth finger on 1. hand.

Rheumatic, drawing sensation, in first joint of r. index-finger.

Drawing pain in fourth finger of r. hand, on outer side.

Cramp-like pain in fingers of 1. hand, lasting for ten minutes.

I I Cramp-like pain in second, third and fourth fingers of r. hand, on outer side.

381 CARDUUS MARIANUS.

^^ Lower Limbs. llPain in hip-joints, spreading through but- tocks, causing difficulty in arising, < from stooping. Bruised pain in buttocks and legs. TrDrawing pain in r. thigh. Drawing pain in skin on outer side of 1. knee. 1 I Drawing pain in 1. knee joint.

Stiffness in knees while walking, of patella and in tendons of popliteal space, with sensation of lameness in lower parts of thighs, causing unsteady and stumbling gait. I I Sensation of coldness in knees.

Pain in hollow of knees while walking, more especially in left. Sensation while walking as of a band around calves, or of

pantaloons being too tight a few inches below knee. Drawing pain in superficial nerves, below patella on outer

side of lower thigh, over a space of four fingers in breadth. Drawing pain from outer side of knees to outer malleolus. Drawing pain from inner side of lower thigh, to inner malleolus. Drawing pain from 1. knee into lower thigh. Paralyzing pain in 1. tibia. I I Cramp-like pain in calves. I I Pain in dorsum of r. foot.

I 1 Sudden, cramp-like pain, in muscles of sole of r. foot, flex- ing the toes; after disappearance of same, intense itching in front of heel. Pain on lower part of r. heel, < from walking. I I Sensation of coldness in toes and soles of feet. Sciatica.

Rheumatism and spasms of the extremities. Varicose ulcers. CEdema of the feetr. ^* Limbs in General. I l Lassitude in arms and legs in morning

after rising, not > by walking in open air. ^^ Rest. Position. Motion. Sitting : drawing pain in bladder.

Stooping: stitches in r. side and over r. nipple; in hip-joints. Arising : difficult, pain in hip-joints. Raising arm : stitching pain over r. nipple. Walking : almost impossible, with pains in chest ; stiffness of knees ; pain in hollow of knee ; as if a band around calves ; pain in heel.

Motion : of arm, pains extend over entire front of chest. Every sudden or violent movement of body is painful, both in chest and abdomen. ^Cough. 3s Nerves. ■ General feeling of discomfort, lassitude and malaise. I i Great fatigue after eating, and fatigue with frequent yawn- ing. 2^ Sleep. I Restless sleep, with frequent awakening and many dreams.

Lying on back produces nightmare.

CARDUUS MARIANUS. 382

1 I Fatigue about 4 p.m., with sleep while riding, lasting ten minutes.

I I Great fatigue with frequent yawning.

I I On awakening, great fatigue with disinclination to rise. '

Uncontrollable yawning in quick succession.

Irritation to cough, felt behind larynx on awakening, with chilliness. ^^ Time. Night : dry, hacking cough ; itching of skin.

Morning: lassitude of arms and legs.

4 P.M. : fatigue with sleep while riding.

All day: pressure of stomach, with eructation of air. ^^Temperature and Weather. Cold: great sensitiveness- of

the head. ^•^ Fever. llEpidemic affection (see chest and stomach) lasting seven weeks, was lessened to a few days; the longest seven days.

I Gastric, catarrhal, or rheumatic fever, with pain in stomach and region of liver, increased by pressing on it ; symptoms frequent in epidemic influenza.

I I Chilliness on awakening, with strong urging to urinate.

Chill, with pulse increased from 75 to 90.

Chill, with sensation of a pulse beat in abdomen.

Chilliness at night, < by uncovering; pulse in morning 82.

General sweating and lassitude on awakening.

Sweating of forehead and back after meals. ^^ Locality and Direction. Left : parietal bone, pain ; eyelids, difficult to open ; nostril, watery discharge ; tension, lying on side ; pressure of flatus, under ribs ; lobe of liver, swell- ing, sensitiveness ; small intestine, pressure ; chest, draw- ing pain ; in chest, oppression ; iri side, stitches ; pectoral region, drawing pain ; in neck and shoulder-blade, pressing pain; upper arm, tearing; forearm, burning pain; in radius,

• drawing pain; index -finger, burning pain; fourth finger, rheumatic drawing ; in fingers, cramp-like pain ; in knee, drawing pain ; in tibia, paralyzed pain.

Right: in eye, pain; auricle, pain; nostril, burning; under margin of ribs, pressure of flatus; in hypochondria, dull pain; abdominal wall, drawing pain ; abdomen, near hip, pains ; in lumbar region, pain ; side of abdomen, drawing sensa- tion; nipple, stitching pain; pectoral region, drawing pain; in neck, pressure, pressing pain ; side of back, drawing pain ; shoulder-blade, drawing pain ; shoulder-joint, pains ; in deltoid, violent pain ; in arm, violent pains ; in radius, drawing pain ; muscles of hand, cramp-like drawing ; in- dex-finger, rheumatic drawing ; fourth finger, drawing pain ; in fingers, ctamp-like pain ; in thigh, drawing pain ; in dorsum of foot, pain ; in heel, pain.

383 CARDUUS MARIANUS.

Left to right : drawing pain through pit of stomach ; stitches in nipples. ^^ Sensations. As if eyeballs were pressed against side of orbits ; as though palate were covered with fat.

Stitches : in scrobiculum ; in stomach ; hepatic region ; re- gion of spleen; hypochondrium; small intestine; near sixth rib, 1. side ; over r. nipple.

Cutting : in bowels.

Colicky pains : in stomach.

Tearing : 1. upper arm.

Rheumatic pains : in shoulder ; fourth finger, 1. hand ; r. in- dex-finger.

Drawing pain : in teeth ; through pit of stomach ; hepetic re- gion ; about umbilicus; through r. inguinal region; in bladder ; in inguinal region ; in testicles ; in vagina ; mar- gin of 1. ribs ; pain in chest ; region of heart ; through r. pectoral region ; in entire back ; in r. upper arm ; in superficial nerves about knee ; lower thigh ; r. thigh ; in skin of outer 1. knee-joint ; in muscles of 1. radius ; inner side of r. hand ; fingers.

Burning : in eyeballs ; edges of upper lids ; in nostril ; in oesophagus ; above umbilicus ; pain in small intestine ; in rectum; in meatus, after urination; in bladder; 1. shoulder- blade ; in skin ; 1. index-finger.

Pressing pain : inner surface of skull ; in stomach ; in ab- domen ; pain in speaking ; small of back.

Pressure : in forehead ; in eyeballs ; in eyelids ; hepatic re- gion ; under ribs; small intestine; in bladder; in nape of neck ; in back, below shoulder-blades ; in wrist-joints.

Tensive pressure : in scalp ; pain in liver.

Bruised feeling : in arms.

Paralyzing pain : 1. tibia.

Pain : in stomach ; violent in abdomen ; in hip-joints ; in dorsum of r. foot ; r. heel.

Roughness : in palate.

Scraping : in throat.

Fullness : of head ; in hypochondria.

Swelling : in larynx.

Emptiness : in stomach.

Constriction : over eyebrows.

Band : around calves.

Cramp-like: muscles 1. radius; inner side r. hand; in fingers; pain in calves ; r. foot.

Motion : in intestines.

Crawling : in posterior side of liver.

Coldness : in knees ; on awaking ; at night.

Chilliness : on awaking.

CARDUUS MARIANUS— CASCARILLA. 384

Warmth : in small intestine. Heat : in face ; about umbilicus. Dryness : in palate and lips ; in larynx. Itching : in anus ; in front of head. ** Tissues. Portal hyperaemia ; catarrh of biliary ducts ; tardy peristaltic movements in large intestines ; hemorrhoids. IB Dropsical diseases, depending on organic affections of the

liver ; frequently of long standing. Passive hemorrhages, connected with diseased liver or spleen. ^® Touch. Passive Motion. Injuries.

Pressure : hepatic region, sensitive; <C rheumatic pain in stomach. Riding: fatigue. ^® Skin. Itching on lying down at night. *^ Stages of Life, Constitution, h Woman who was exhausted by much suffering and repeated hemorrhages from womb after abortion, with frequent attacks of bilious colic. ^Ty- philitis stercoralis. *^ Relations.

Compare: Bryon., lOhelid.,llMercur., Nuxvom., and I iPodoph., in hepatic affections, especially jaundice.