Preparation , Tincture prepared from the powdered plant. Authorities. (Nos. 1 to 21 , from Hahnemann, Mat. Med., 5). 1 , Hahnemann; 2 , Becher; 3 , Franz; 4 , Gross; 5 , Gutmann; 6 , Hartmann; 7 , Hermann; 8 , Hornburg; 9 , Kummer; 10 , Langhammer; 11 , Meyer; 12 , Stapf; 13 , Walther; 14 , Wislicenus; 15 , Bergius, Mat. Med., p. 97 (observation); 16 , Patrick Browne, Gentleman's Mag., 1751, p. 544, and Natural History of Jamaica, p. 156 (statements); 17 , Chalmers, on the Weather and Diseases of South Carolina, Lond., 1776, 1, p. 67 (observations); 18 , Linning, see Spigelia Marilandica; 19 , Martin, in Konigl. Vetensk. ak. Handlingar, f. a., 1771, (not accessible, -Hughes); 20 , W. Wright, in Samml. br. Abh. f. pr. Aerzte XIV, III (Lond. Med. and Phys. Journ. VIII, 217, observations, -Hughes); 21 , Sdin., from Helbig Heraklides, 1, 59; 21 a , Hg., ibid.; 22 , Sharp, Essays, effect of one drop of 1st cent. dil.; 23 , ibid., same dose; 24 , ibid., a third dose.